This study develops a GSH-activated, cancer-targeting nano-photosensitizer (MBNPs) based on methylene blue. MBNPs enable precise, effective, and safe photodynamic therapy (PDT) guided by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. This all-in-one platform shows strong potential for future clinical cancer treatment.

We report a BPQDs-based “three-in-one” nanoplatform with enhanced stability, dispersibility and mitochondria targeting for photothermal cancer therapy through simple heterobifunctional PEG grafting.